DPV Class-Level Co-Annotation Pattern

Context and Problem Statement

A pattern has emerged across four kind: pattern ODRs ratified through 2026-05-27: each established that DPV (Data Privacy Vocabulary) co-annotations attach at the CLASS level of OPDA Substance Kinds carrying PII, with variant-conditional refinements at the instance level. The pattern’s contract is reusable: a kind: pattern ODR declares its PII-bearing Kinds + their distinguishing variants/sub-kinds; ODR-0012 (Data-Governance Layer; pending) authors the class-level baseline DPV co-annotations + variant-conditional lawful-basis refinements; instance-level lawful-basis lands at generation time.

Per ODR-0001 A9 §Artefact identity test fourth-citing-site threshold, the pattern crosses the extraction-bar. The four citing sites:

1. ODR-0005 §3c — Pandit’s Q3+Q5 amendments: opda:RegisteredTitle carries published-personal-data PII regime under HMLR open-register (ICO public-task lawful basis); opda:LegalEstate private until registration. PII regime distinction is a class-level discriminator.
2. ODR-0015 §7a — Class-level dpv-pd:Address baseline on opda:Address Kind + three variant-conditional refinements (title → PublicTask HMLR; marketing → Consent/LegitimateInterest; inspire → PublicTask INSPIRE Directive).
3. ODR-0006 §Q1 + Q4 amendments — Pandit’s amendment: Person identifier predicates carry DPV co-annotation at property level (each niNumber/passportNumber/driverLicence etc. as dpv-pd:OfficialID) AND at class level (opda:Person bears the aggregate baseline). Organisation: opda:Organisation published-PII when sole-trader/individual-director.
4. ODR-0009 §Q6 pointer — Evidence subclasses (DocumentEvidence / ElectronicRecordEvidence / VouchEvidence) carry class-level DPV baseline; instance-level lawful-basis varies (regulated-profession → PublicTask; statutory → LegalObligation; private grant → Consent).

This ODR extracts the pattern. The four citing sites retrofit implements: [ODR-0003, ODR-0018]. ODR-0012 (Data-Governance Layer) when ratified will be the canonical authoring authority for DPV co-annotations following this pattern.

The pattern is kind: pattern per A9; it discharges (a)/(b)/(c) inline per A9 §Per-kind discipline.

RDF graph: DPV annotations co-attaching at class level

The diagram below shows how class-level, variant-conditional, and property-level DPV triples all land in opda-annotations.ttl, separate from the class graph and the shapes graph.

Considered Options

• Option A (chosen) — Class-level dpv-pd:hasPersonalDataCategory baseline in opda-annotations.ttl + variant-conditional mapping table + instance-level lawful-basis dispatch. The canonical pattern extracted as a reusable artefact from four citing sites.
• Option B — DPV co-annotations as OWL property restrictions on the class. Rejected: would put DPV triples in the class graph, breaking ODR-0004 §3a three-graph separation; DPV is advisory annotation, not class-graph reasoning material.
• Option C — DPV co-annotations as SHACL sh:property constraints. Rejected: would put DPV triples in the shapes graph; DPV co-annotations are NOT shape constraints (they don’t validate; they advise).
• Option D — DPV co-annotations as rdfs:comment natural-language. Rejected per Hellmann et al. (DBpedia 2017) LLM-fallback failure mode. Same lesson as ODR-0005 §6a + ODR-0011 §5a: structured machine-readable annotations > natural-language commentary.
• Option E — Per-instance-only DPV annotations (no class-level baseline). Rejected: misses the class-level discriminator (S005 §3c PII regime distinction; S006 Q1 Person identifier aggregate). Instance-only requires LLM consumers to aggregate per-instance triples to derive class-level PII regime; class-level baseline gives the regime as data.

Decision Outcome

Chosen option: “Class-level dpv-pd:hasPersonalDataCategory baseline in opda-annotations.ttl”, because only this placement gives LLM and tooling consumers the class-level PII discriminator as structured data (ODR-0004 three-graph separation, Hellmann 2017 LLM-fallback rebuttal) and the fourth-citing-site threshold requires extraction as a shared artefact.

Adopt the DPV class-level co-annotation pattern as the canonical mechanism for attaching dpv-pd: and dpv: annotations to OPDA Substance Kinds carrying PII: each PII-bearing Substance Kind class carries a class-level dpv-pd:hasPersonalDataCategory triple declaring the aggregate PII regime; variant-conditional refinements track distinguishing sub-kinds or variants (e.g. Address-variant; Evidence-subtype; Title-vs-Estate registration state) that drive lawful-basis-trigger differences; instance-level dpv:hasLawfulBasis lands at generation time, dispatched from the variant tag. Co-annotations live in opda-annotations.ttl per ODR-0004 §3a (advisory annotations, NOT shape constraints — they do not belong in the shapes graph).

Consequences

• Four-site implements: retrofitting. ODR-0005 §3c, ODR-0015 §7a, ODR-0006 §Q1+Q4, ODR-0009 §Q6 all add ODR-0018 to their implements: frontmatter and cite this pattern in their ## References. The retrofit is a follow-up housekeeping task; flagged for next /loop fire.
• A9 pressure-test passes. This is the second kind: pattern ODR that is itself a pattern-extraction record (after ODR-0017 SHACL-AF). The (a)/(b)/(c) discipline applies; this ODR discharges all three (UFO Quality category; five named hard cases for co-annotation identity; Turtle template in annotation graph).
• ODR-0012 (Data-Governance Layer) inherits this pattern as authoring contract. When S012 ratifies, ODR-0012 §Rules will reference ODR-0018 as the canonical mechanism + author the actual DPV triples + variant mapping tables.
• odr-review lint extension. Beyond existing planned extensions: any ODR declaring PII-bearing Kinds + variants MUST implements: [..., ODR-0018] if it follows the class-level co-annotation pattern; any DPV annotation MUST be in opda-annotations.ttl (CI test enforces).
• Namespace ratified; record accepted. The inherited ODR-0004 namespace block is lifted (the opda: string was ratified 2026-05-27 — greenfield; no WG), so ODR-0018 is accepted. Generator output may still carry dct:status "draft" as a publication-grade marker, independent of record ratification.

Three-tier co-annotation pattern structure

This flowchart maps the three tiers of the pattern: a class-level baseline, variant-conditional refinements, and instance-level lawful-basis dispatch at generation time.

More Information

• Methodology: ODR-0001 §What an ODR records (per-kind discipline) — A9 amendment 2026-05-27; §Artefact identity test (fourth-citing-site threshold this ODR satisfies); ODR-0011 §8a (UFO Quality category source).
• Foundation: ODR-0004 §3a (three-graph separation — annotation graph for DPV); §7a (term-sourcing five-line precedence — verbatim regulator citation).
• W3C / spec: DPV Specification (Pandit et al. 2024 DPV 2.0); DPV-PD (Personal Data) module; GDPR Art. 5 + Art. 6 + Art. 9; ICO Guidance on Public Authorities Lawful Bases (2023).
• Foundational ontology: Guizzardi 2005 Ch. 4 (UFO Quality); Masolo et al. 2003 D18 §4.3 (DOLCE Quality / Quale).
• AI-RDF citation: Hellmann et al. 2017 DBpedia 2017 — LLM fallback when annotations are in rdfs:comment only.
• Citing sites (implements: retrofit pending):
  • ODR-0005 §3c — RegisteredTitle published-PII regime.
  • ODR-0015 §7a — Address baseline + three variant refinements.
  • ODR-0006 §Q1+Q4 — Person identifier predicates (property-level + class-level); Organisation registration data.
  • ODR-0009 §Q6 — Evidence subclasses baseline + variant-conditional lawful basis.
• Council deliberation provenance: spawned by session-009 §Synthesis (fourth-citing-site spawn-rule fires); authored as Author-only follow-up to S009’s closure per ODR-0001 §Self-amendment process + §Artefact identity test.
• Related: programme anchor ODR-0003; sibling pattern ODR-0017 (SHACL-AF non-blocking-data-quality-rules — different pattern, same kind: pattern extraction discipline). Future authoring: ODR-0012 (Data-Governance Layer — implements: ODR-0018 when ratified; consumes mapping tables + authors DPV triples).

Rules

These rules constrain every implements: of this pattern.

1. Class-level baseline MUST be declared. Every PII-bearing Kind class declares its baseline dpv-pd:hasPersonalDataCategory triple. Example: opda:Person dpv-pd:hasPersonalDataCategory dpv-pd:Person; opda:Address dpv-pd:hasPersonalDataCategory dpv-pd:Address; opda:DocumentEvidence dpv-pd:hasPersonalDataCategory dpv-pd:OfficialID.
2. Variant-conditional refinements MUST be authored when the consuming ODR identifies distinguishing variants. Each variant maps to a specific DPV lawful-basis category. The mapping table is in the consuming ODR’s §Operational specifications; ODR-0012 (when ratified) consumes the tables to author the annotation triples.
3. dpv-pd: and dpv: annotations live in opda-annotations.ttl. Per ODR-0004 §3a three-graph separation. The CI test ASK { GRAPH opda:shapes { ?s ?p ?o . FILTER(STRSTARTS(STR(?p), "https://w3id.org/dpv")) } } MUST return false — no DPV triples in the shapes graph.
4. Property-level + class-level co-annotations are BOTH admissible when the consuming ODR has predicates with distinguishing PII categories (ODR-0006 Person identifier predicates). Property-level annotation: opda:niNumber dpv-pd:hasPersonalDataCategory dpv-pd:OfficialID; class-level: opda:Person dpv-pd:hasPersonalDataCategory dpv-pd:Person. Both can coexist for one Kind.
5. PII-regime-discriminating variant tags carry their own DPV triples — when a variant tag (e.g. addressVariant "title") discriminates a PII regime, the variant assignment in the data graph triggers the corresponding lawful-basis annotation at ODR-0012’s generation time.
6. dct:source on every DPV co-annotation — resolves to the regulator’s published text verbatim per ODR-0011 §4a (DPV-PD §Scope discipline). Paraphrase moves to skos:scopeNote per Pandit S011 Q4 amendment.
7. ODR-0012 is the authoring authority. Consuming ODRs declare the PII-bearing Kinds + variants + mapping tables; ODR-0012 authors the actual DPV triples + lawful-basis assignments. The consuming ODR’s ## Rules carries a one-paragraph pointer to ODR-0012 per S009 Q6 precedent.

Operational specifications

1a. UFO/DOLCE meta-category — Quality (A9 (a) discharge)

Per ODR-0011 §8a’s seven-category UFO framework, this pattern is operationally a Quality (UFO Quality particularising a Substance Kind) — DPV categories are qualities of the PII-bearing data; the lawful-basis assignment is a value the Quality takes; the variant tag is a particularisation of the Quality within the bearer Kind.

dct:source on the UFO category: Guizzardi 2005 Ch. 4 (UFO Quality) + Masolo et al. 2003 D18 §4.3 (DOLCE Quality / Quale) + ODR-0015 §2a precedent (opda:addressVariant as UFO Quality particularising opda:Address) + ODR-0018 (this Council-authored DPV-Quality binding).

2a. IC over named hard cases (A9 (b) discharge)

A class-level DPV co-annotation a₁ for Kind K at time t₁ and a candidate-individual co-annotation a₂ at time t₂ > t₁ are the same individual iff (i) the bearing Kind K is the same; (ii) the dpv-pd:hasPersonalDataCategory value is the same OR refined under SKOS-broader (dpv-pd:Person broader dpv-pd:DataSubject); (iii) the variant-mapping table is preserved (refinement of variants ADMITS new mappings; removing existing mappings = new individual).

Five hard cases:

1. DPV category broadened. A class’s baseline moves from dpv-pd:Address to dpv-pd:LocationData (broader) → same individual (broader inherits narrower).
2. DPV category narrowed. Moves from broader to narrower → NEW individual; prov:wasDerivedFrom to predecessor.
3. Variant added. New addressVariant value introduced → same individual; variant table extends; new lawful-basis row added.
4. Variant retired. Existing variant marked owl:deprecated true per ODR-0011 §5a + ODR-0017 deprecation-rule pattern → same individual; deprecated variant’s lawful-basis row retained for historical-data dereferenceability.
5. DPV vocabulary version bump. DPV CG publishes new version with renamed category → same individual; dct:source updates to new version-pinned URL; old version-pinned reference moves to dct:isReferencedBy.

3a. Artefact realisation (A9 (c) discharge)

The artefact realisation is a Turtle template placed in opda-annotations.ttl:

# Class-level baseline (in opda-annotations.ttl, NOT opda-shapes.ttl)
opda:Person
    dpv-pd:hasPersonalDataCategory dpv-pd:Person ;
    dct:source <https://w3id.org/dpv/pd> .

# Variant-conditional refinement (mapping table)
opda:AddressVariantLawfulBasisMap a opda:DPVMappingTable ;
    opda:mapsKind opda:Address ;
    opda:mapsVariantPredicate opda:addressVariant ;
    opda:mappingEntry [
        opda:variantValue "title" ;
        opda:lawfulBasis dpv:PublicTask ;
        dct:source <https://www.gov.uk/government/organisations/land-registry>
    ] , [
        opda:variantValue "marketing" ;
        opda:lawfulBasis dpv:Consent ;
        dct:source <https://ico.org.uk/for-organisations/guide-to-data-protection/>
    ] , [
        opda:variantValue "inspire" ;
        opda:lawfulBasis dpv:PublicTask ;
        dct:source <https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:32007L0002>
    ] .

The generator (per ODR-0004 §6a deterministic-emission discipline) reads the mapping table and emits per-instance dpv:hasLawfulBasis triples at generation time, dispatching from the variant tag.

4a. Three-graph separation (CI test)

Inherits ODR-0004 §3a discipline. The CI test additions:

1. ASK { GRAPH opda:shapes { ?s ?p ?o . FILTER(STRSTARTS(STR(?p), "https://w3id.org/dpv")) } } MUST return false.
2. ASK { GRAPH opda:annotations { ?s ?p ?o . FILTER(STRSTARTS(STR(?p), "https://w3id.org/dpv")) } } MUST return true (DPV triples present in annotation graph).
3. ASK { GRAPH opda:classes { ?s ?p ?o . FILTER(STRSTARTS(STR(?p), "https://w3id.org/dpv")) } } MUST return false (DPV triples NOT in the class graph either — they are advisory, not class-graph-axioms).

Alternatives considered and the chosen outcome

This flowchart traces the four rejected options and the single accepted path, matching the ## Alternatives section below.

ODR dependency graph

This diagram reflects the depends-on, implements, and supersedes frontmatter relationships declared for this record.